INTRODUCTION:

In Ayurveda the Celastrus paniculatus wild mentioned as ‘Tree of life’, is a member of Celastraceae family. The Celastrus paniculatus seed oil has significant action on CNS¹. The Celastrus paniculatus wild is also called as Intellect tree, Jyotishmati, Malkanguni. It is medicinal plant, found in Sub Himalaya arch up to 2000m in central India, western and Eastern Ghats largest area of Rajmahal hills in Bihar and Orissa up to 1500m altitude. The Celastrus paniculatus oil possess Tranquilizing effect, Central Muscle Relaxant, anti-emetic, anti-ulcerogenic and adaptogen with memory enhancing properties. According to traditional system of ancient medicine, Celastrus paniculatus beneficial in appetizer, laxative, emetic, aphrodisiac, brain tonic and used in treatment of leprosy, asthma, cough, paralysis, gout, rheumatism, leucoderma and headache.² Different parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes including bark, leaf and most importantly seed and seed oil.³Jyotishmati is also used by different tribal communities to treat variety of conditions including wound healing, sedative, abortifacient, bronchodilator and antidote for opium poisoning.⁴ It is widely distributed in the Maldives, Australia, China, Cambodia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Nepal, Thailand and in the Pacific Islands. In India it is found mainly in Maharashtra, Andaman and Nicobar on an altitude of 1800m⁵. Seeds are possibly more valuable than any other part of the plant for man and plant (Kozlowski and Gunn 1972). Seeds also compose an important source in ethnomedicinal formulations and have a huge potential for pharmaceutical industry. The seeds are small, oval shaped and grow six per seed pod. It is domestic to the Indian continent but also grow generally in various countries. The seeds reported as a sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties, while the root and bark considered living useful in the treatment of malaria, cancerous tumors in brain, brain-tonic, abortifacient, and taken internally for snake bite.⁶

PLANT PROFILE:

Taxonomical classification⁹:

Scientific Name: Celastrus paniculatus wild.

Family-Celastraceae

Species-Paniculatus

Kingdom- Plantae

Class-Angiospermae

Genus-Celastrus

Order- Celastrales

Synonym: Celastrus dependent

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

The phytochemical screening analysis of Leaf and seed extract of Celastrus paniculatus has shown in the presence of different constituents. That consist in alkaloids, glycosides, proteins & amino acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, fixed oil, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and saponins are present in only aqueous extract while Sterols and triterpenoids are current in aqueous and ethanolic extracts.

Table 1: Phytoconstituents present in different part of C. paniculatus.^10,11

Sr.No	Chemical constituents	Seed
1	Alkaloids	+
2	Carbohydrates	+
3	Glycosides	+
4	Proteins and Amino acids	-
5	Sterols and Terpenoids	+
6	Phenolic compound	+
7	Flavonoids	+
8	Saponins	+
9	Tannins	+
10	Fixed oil	+

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:

1. Antioxidant activity:

It is reported that Methanol, ethyl acetate, pet ether and water extracts of Celastrus paniculatus seed have antioxidant capacity. Total phenol and flavonoid content determination assays, total antioxidant capability, 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical assay, Reducing power assessment, Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, and Cupric ion reducing capacity assay were used to assess antioxidant activity. When compared to ascorbic acid, ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC50 value (585.58g/ml) in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The IC50 values for the Water, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Pet Ether extracts in the nitric oxide scavenging assay were 122.99g/ml, 320.54g/ml, 601.81g/ml, and 206.37g/ml, respectively, compared to 6.83g/ml for the reference ascorbic acid extract. The detection show that the extracts have antioxidant potential.⁷

2. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity:

Methanolic extract of flowers of Celastrus paniculatus was prepared by extraction by using absolute methanol. Hot water tail immersion test in mice and carrageenan induced paw edema in rats are the tests which are employed in this procedure. produced extract was tested for oral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. This study reported that CP had analgesic and anti-inflammatory both activities. The oil showed anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. 66.60% and 78.78% inhibition of inflammation is shown by seed oil in doses 5ml/kg and 10ml/kg compared to 75.75% shown by 100ml/kg dose of ibuprofen.39 Also, phytochemical screening and studies were conducted by Ahmad et al. in 1994, which reported that the methanolic extract of C.paniculatus seeds generate analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats.⁸

3. Neuromodulating effects:

Sumathi et al., 2013 investigated the alcoholic seed extract of Celastrus paniculatus(ASECP) to stop aluminium induced neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum of the rat brain. They gave the aluminium chlorideat a dose of 4.2mg/kg/day i. p. for 4 w to male albino rat. Experimental rats were given two different doses of 200 and 400mg/kg/day orally of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract 1hr prior to the aluminium chloride administration for 4 w. At the end, results produced that aluminium administration significantly decreased the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismustase, glutathione peroxidase, Na+/K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and Mg2+ATPase and increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phophatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in all the brain regions when compared with control rats. Aluminium induction also caused histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat brain, which was reverted by pretreatment with ASECP. The result clearly indicates the potential of the seed extract of Celastrus paniculatus prevents the damage inflicted by aluminum on rat brain area.¹²

4. Iron chelating activity:

Nakhva and colleagues, 2015 assess that the methanolic extract of seeds of Celastrus paniculatus for in vitro iron-chelating activity by using various reagents like ferrous sulphate, potassium thiocynate and desferrioxamine¹³. Further, in vivo activity was also done that decreased the serum iron level in the test group as equal to the disease treated control group. SGPT, SGOT and Creatinine levels were reduced as compared to iron overloaded rats. So the methanolic seed extract can be worn to treat thalassemia and hemochromatosis.

5. Anti-arthritic activity:

Kothavade et al., 2015 used the petroleum ether extract of Celastrus paniculatus seeds to study the anti-arthritic effect in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats ^14. After assessment of arthritis score, paw volume, body weight, climbing ability and thymus and spleen index, it was clear that Celastrus paniculatus seed extract alleviated all these parameters that were due to suppression of overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, cellular enzymes. It also restored the decreased level of superoxide dismustase, catalase and glutathione. The results advice that the anti-arthritic effect may be due to cytokine regulation, immune-suppressive effects, and bone defensive activities. In vitro anti-arthritic activity of Celastrus paniculatus was also studied by Thangaraj, 2016 ^15.

Uses:

1.In Himalaya:

Celastrus paniculatus was used in treatment of hemorrhoids, piles, gout, dysentery, cold, Rheumatism, leprosy, snake bite, wounds. For relief of gas and acidity take 2-3 gm. of fine powder orally¹⁶.

2. In Haridwar district:

Paste of leaves and roots are used for headache. Crushed roots used in treatment of pneumonia.

3.Uttar Pradesh:

Root powder is beneficial for cancerous tumors. The paste of root and bark apply to the forehead in children for the cure of boils.

4. Madhya Pradesh:

In leucorrhoea treatment powdered bark is taken with cow milk once day, also used in Leprosy, Epilepsy treatment.

5. Odisha:

The pingu-kujri i.e. Celastrus paniculatus used in treatment of joint disease. In winter season the seed oil is used for body warmth.

6. Gujarat:

The seed oil is rubbed in affect part to treat gout. According to traditional phototherapy. The Celastrus paniculatus oil is for hair care. Dried powdered of mixed leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds taken with milk regularly to treat mental disorder.

7. Tamil Nadu:

Decoction of bark of Celastrus paniculatus gives orally on empty stomach for 7 day in women for abortion. It also treats the other stomach problems.

8. Karnataka:

In fertility treatment and pain in menstruation are used by Celastrus paniculatus roots.

9. Maharashtra:

The Celastrus paniculatus oil is applied on paralyzed parts as well as taken orally 2ml daily morning and evening. It also used for brain related disorders.

REFERENCE:

1. Kamalinee Deodhar A, Nanda Shinde W. Celastrus paniculatus; medicinal and pharmacological properties: A Review, International journal of development research 2015; 5(9): 5526-5531.

2. Kanti Rekha, Bhan MK, Balyan SS, Dhar AK. Cultivation prospects of endangered species Celastrus paniculatus wild, Natural product radiance (green page article) 2005; 4(6): 482-486.

3. Sharma P, Dravyaguna vijnana. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2018.

4. Monojit D, Pushpan R, Harshita K and War N, Medico ethnobotanical perspectives of jyotismati (Celastrus paniculatus) Willd): A herbal tranquilizer, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2, 2012, 8-11.

5. Sharma GN, Kaur H, Shrivastava B, Arora SC, A review from historical to current Celastrus paniculatus, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 12(8):15-20.

6. Deodhar KA, Shinde NW. Celastrus paniculatus Traditional uses and Ethnobotanical study. Ind J of Adv in Plant Research 2015; 2(1):18-21

7. Parimala S, Shashidhar GH, Ch. Sridevi, Jyothi V, Suthakaran R, Anti- inflammatory activity of Celastrus paniculatus seeds, International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 2009; 1(4):1326- 1329.

8. Ahmad F, Khan R A, Rasheed S, Preliminary screening of methanolic Extracts of Celastrus paniculatus and Tecomella undulata for analgesic and anti- inflammatory activities, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1994; 42(3):193-198, ISSN 0378-8741.

9. Vijay R, Shukla J, Saxena R. In vitro Effect of Various Plant Growth Regulator on Micro Propagation of Celastrus paniculatus: An Important Medicinal Plant. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2016; 5(12): 635-643.

10. Avinish DK,Waman S Nanda. Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves of Celastrus paniculatus Wild: Endangered Medicinal Plant. Inter J Pharmacog and Phytochem Research 2014; 6(4): 792-794. 24.

11. Venkataramaiah CH, Rajendra Wudayagiri. Phytochemical Screening of Bioactive Compounds Present in the Seed of Celastrus paniculatus Role in Traditional Medicine. Seasons. Indo Ameri J of Pharm Research 2013; 3(11): 9104-9111.

12. Sumathi TC, Shobana V, Mahalakshmi R, Sureka M, Subathra A, Vishali, et al. Oxidative stress in the brains of male rats intoxicated with aluminium and neuromodulating effect of Celastrus paniculatus alcoholic seed extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6:80-90.

13. Nakhva YJ, Anandpara RC, Sojitra BN, Ganatra TH. Evaluation of iron-chelating potential of methanolic extract of seeds of Celastrus paniculatus on iron intoxicated rats. J Chem Pharm Res 2015; 12:1104-12.

14. Kothavade PS, Bulani VD, Deshpande PS, Chowdhury AS, Juvekar AR. The petroleum ether fraction of Celastrus paniculatus Wild. seeds demonstrate the anti-arthritic effect in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. J Trad Chin Med Sci 2015; 2:183-93.

15. Thangaraj P. In vitro anti-arthritic activity, pharmacological assays of plant-based natural products, Progress in Drug Research, Springer, Cham; 2016. p. 71.

16. Athira Sajeev CR, Saroj KR, Sooraj NP, Sunil Kumar KN, Jaishanker R. Mapping traditional knowledge associated with Celastrus paniculatus in India using geographical information system (GIS), journal of Ayurveda medical science 2016; 1(2) :55 -62.

Received on 11.02.2022 Modified on 27.02.2022

Research J. Science and Tech. 2022; 14(2):111-114.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2022.00018